Jumat, 19 April 2013

Review Jurnal of "Testing For Competition in The South African Banking Sector"

Testing For Competition in The South African Banking Sector
Joshua G. Greenberg dan Witness Simbagenavi
2009

I. Introduction
Perbankan adalah salah satu sumber keuangan penggerak perekonomian suatu negara. Biasanya, untuk kasus negara berkembang, perbankan adalah sumber pembiayaan investasi terbesarnya.

Maka dari itu penting untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat Banking Competition dari suatu negara agar dapat membantu transmisi kebijakan moneter sehingga tercapai target dari kebijakan moneter yang diinginkan.

Penelitian ini menggunakan dua  non-strucutral methods, yaitu :
1. Panzar and Rosse Approach
2. Bresnahan Model

Data yang digunakan adalah :
1. Untuk Panzar and Rosse Approach menggunakan data 1998 - 2007
2. Untuk Bresnahan Model menggunakan data 1997 - 2008

II. Literature Review
2.1 Banking Competition Theory
Ada dua metode utama dalam mengukur tingkat banking competition, yaitu dengan structural methods dan unstructural methods. Untuk structural methods melihat dari sisi karakteristik perbankan. Beberapa penelitian terdahulu menggunakan metode ini namun mendapat kritikan dari berbagai pihak, sehingga dalam penelitian ini menggunakan unstructural methods untuk mengukur banking competition di South Africa.

2.2 Overview of The South African Banking Sector
Terdapat penelitian terdahulu yang menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada praktek kartel pada sistem perbankan di South Africa. Namun, meski demikian tetap dibutuhkan adanya intervensi pada sistem perbankan di sana terkhusus pada masalah "biaya pindah bank" dan membantu nasabah jika ingin melakukan perpindahan bank. Agar nasabah tidak merasa "terkunci" ketika masuk ke dalam satu bank.
Terdapat 22 bank yang terdaftar di South Africa dan 4 dari bank tersebut mendominasi sektro perbankan dengan melihat share aset dan share deposit yang mereka miliki dibandingkan dengan total aset dan deposit yang dimiliki oleh seluruh bank.

2.3 Prior Research
Beberapa penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa pada sektor perbankan di South Africa, terjadi high concentrated.

Sedangkan penelitian yang dilakukan oleh  Claessens dan Lauven (2003) menunjukkan bahwa di South Africa sektor perbankannya tergolong high level of competition. Hasil penelitian tersebut sejalan dengan hasil penelitian ini.

3. The Panzar and Rosse Approach
Asumsi dari model ini adalah (1) That banks operate in their long run equilibrium dan (2) That banks hold a homogenous cost structure.

Hasil dari penggunaan metode ini adalah :
(1) Untuk kelompok bank besar, tergolong ke dalam Highly competition : hal ini terjadi sebab untuk bank besar,  mereka berkompetisi pada skala nasional atau bahkan internasional.
(2) Sedangkan untuk kelompok bank kecil, tergolong ke dalam monopolistic competition : berkompetisi untuk skala daerah.

4. The Bresnahan Model
Model ini ingin melihat bagai harga dan kuantitas bereaksi terhadap perubahan pada variabel eksogen.
Model ini menggunakan data time series.

Kesimpulan dengan menggunakan model ini adalah untuk semua bank berada pada Perfect Competition.

5. Conclusion
Dengan menggunakan dua model di atas yaitu The Panzar and Rosse Approach serta The Bresnahan Model   menunnjukkan hasil yang saling mendukung yaitu struktur perbankan di South Africa adalah perfect competition.

Senin, 15 April 2013

Hey, look at this :D @CampUIBerkebun

What I'm thinking tonight was about my farm. As I wrote before, I join in CampUIBerkebun, one of branch from Indonesia Berkebun.,

I have posted the picture when we did our first planting. And now, let me share the newest condition of our farm and the fresh vegetables :D

This is it!

#Firts Seedbed


Corn
Look at our corn, "stand strong" :D Hopefully can give us a fresh corn., the age of this corn is almost two months, seems like we need to wait until a month again before harvesting it :D


#second seedbed
beans *is that right ? hhe

Just the same with the corn, the age of this bean is almost 2 months. Actually, this was the first time for me to understand that baby  beans is look like this hehehe and understand the way how they grow up heheh


#still on secong seedbed
Cucumber

Wuhuuu, there are our two months cucumbers :D ., They live happily with the beans on the same seedbed, why some of us as a human being, still figt each other ? *lohhh hehehe. Can't wait to eat them hohoho. Don't you ? :P


#Third seedbed
Tomatoes

Our  two months tomatoes!!! We have many tomato plants. Can you imagine when all of them have the red tomatoes ?? wuhuuu. Must be so beautifulll :D. Just sharing, tomatoes are good for our skin ;). Can protect our skin from the sunlight, so our skin won't burn quickly if always eat red tomatoes. Do you wanna try ? :D


#Forth seedbed
eggplant

We just harvest the spinach in this seedbed, and now use it for planting the eggplant. There are eggplant seedlings :) . So, we already have corn, beans, cucumber, tomatoes and eggplant seedlings. :D But we have another plants.

Here they are :



Kacang Koro


Papaya



Daun Gedi


So, that's all our vegetables., plant them from the seed., take care them by watering them and give them organic fertilizer and could see them be like this is a one of a happiness :)


One of my lecturer told me that become a farmer has a philosophy. To enjoy the result of our seeds, we have to be patient to take care them until we can eat the fruit. Just the same with the happiness, to get our happiness, we have plant it 20 years before "harvest" it. :)

Senin, 08 April 2013

Gowes In the morning, yeahhhh :D

Yuhuu, Cycling in the morning using campus bike :D
Started from Engineering Faculty., then passed Economic Faculty, Social Sciences Faculty, Phsycology Faculty, Law Faculty, and the last arriving at railway station of Pondok China :D.

University of Indonesia is a nice place for doing something like this. Has a cycling path and shady trees everywhere. Some lakes in this university make it more beautiful.

Actually a bit weird cycling by my self, but as time goes by, I enjoyed it :D

Along cycling time, I met some peoples. There were a grandfather, students that want go to class, cleaning service and campus bike guards.

The grandfather was doing cycling too, I'am as a young woman (wehehehe) envy with him. He still tough to do that.

Now, arriving at my room.,
So let's take a bath :D